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\title{Psychology 100 Notes}
\author{Robert Guinn}
\date{February 12, 2007}
\maketitle

\section*{The Function of Sleep\dots ?? possibly\dots}

	\begin{itemize}
	\item Neurological/biological restoration
	\item Memory restoration
	\end{itemize}

`body is paralyzed during REM sleep'

\section*{Dreams}
\emph{Psychologically Meaningful Events (Freud)} - Freud: dreams serve the following functions:
	\begin{itemize}
	\item Guard sleep: symbolizing unconscious stuff
	\item Serve as sources of wish fulfillment
	\end{itemize}

\emph{Random Brain Activity (Activation-synthesis theory)} - dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense (synthesis) of random electrical activation coming from brain stem

\section*{Sleep Disorders}
\emph{Insomnia} - insufficient sleep: 
	\begin{itemize}
	\item inability to fall asleep quickly,
	\item frequent arousals, or
	\item early-morning awakenings
	\end{itemize}
\emph{Sleep apnea} - Respiratory disorder: person intermittently stops breathing while asleep

\emph{Narcolepsy} - suddent daytime REM ``sleep attacks,'' cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone), nighttime sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations

\section*{Other Forms of Consciousness}	
\emph{Altered State of Consciousness (ASC)}
	\begin{itemize}
	\item mental, behavorial, or chemical modification of normal consciousness
	\item shallow/uncritical cognition
	\item changed perception of world
	\item weakened 
	\end{itemize}

\section*{Hypnosis}
	\begin{itemize}
	\item induced
	\item state of altered awareness
	\item heightened suggestibility
	\item deep relaxation
	\end{itemize}
\emph{Hypnotizability} - an individual's responsiveness to hypnotic suggestions

\section*{More Altered States of Consciousness}
\emph{Meditation} - Interiorization of consciousness by focused concentration (usu. repetition, body postures)

\emph{Near-Death Experience (NDE)} - Psychological experiences reported by people thought to have been near clinical ``death''

\emph{Out-of-Body Experience (OBE)} - Psychological experience of traveling or being located outside one's body, with exceptional clarity/reality or clairvoyance

\emph{Psychoactive drugs} - Chemicals that affect mental processes and behavior by their effects on the nervous system
	\begin{itemize}
	\item Hallucinogens
	\item Opiates
	\item CNS Depressants
	\item CNS Stimulants
	\end{itemize}

\section*{Hallucinogens}
Alter perceptions of the external environment and inner awareness (also called psychedelics)
	\begin{itemize}
	\item Mescaline
	\item LSD
	\item PCP
	\item Cannabis
	\end{itemize}

\emph{opiates} - Highly addictive; produce a sense of well-being and have strong pain-relieving properties
	\begin{itemize}
	\item Morphine
	\item Codeine
	\item Heroin
	\item Methadone
	\end{itemize}

\emph{CNS Depressants} - Slow down mental and physical activity by inhibiting transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system
	\begin{itemize}
	\item Barbituates
	\item Benzodiazepines (e.g. Valium)
	\item Alcohol
	\end{itemize}

\emph{CNS Stimulants} - Arouse the central nervous system, speeding up mental and physical responses
	\begin{itemize}
	\item Cocaine
	\item Amphetamines
	\item Methamphetamine
	\item MDMA (ecstasy)
	\item Caffeine
	\item Nicotine
	\end{itemize}









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